The phrasal verb "work against" is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts, though it is more prevalent in formal speech or writing, especially in discussions surrounding strategic planning, analysis, or critique. It signifies opposition or interference, often used to describe a factor that is hindering progress or success. For instance, one might say, "His lack of experience worked against him in the job interview," indicating that the lack of experience was a negative factor. It sees extensive use in business, legal, and personal growth discussions, as it succinctly conveys the concept of an effort or element that obstructs or impairs a desired outcome. Additionally, it may be used metaphorically to denote internal conflicts, such as when someone's habits or tendencies are counterproductive to their goals.
B2
UpperIntermediate
1. To be opposed to or make it difficult for someone or something to succeed
His lack of experience worked against him during the interview.
The weather conditions worked against the team's chance of winning.
2. To take actions that hinder progress or success
The new policies seem to work against small business growth.
Her insistence on perfection was working against her completing the project on time.