Could-Have-Could-Of | Commonly Confused Words
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Master confusing words with ease

Could have vs. Could of

Could have

/kʊd həv/
Expresses a possibility or potential action that did not happen or was not fulfilled in the past

Examples:

They could have taken a different path.She could have been an artist in another life.We could have avoided the traffic jam.

Synonyms:

Antonyms:

This word has no antonyms

Could of

/ˈkʊd əv/
A common incorrect form often used in place of 'could have' due to similar pronunciation.

Examples:

He could of told me about the meeting earlier.They could of prevented the accident with more caution.I thought she could of handled it better.

Synonyms:

Antonyms:

This word has no antonyms

Ways to tell them apart:

etymology
  • Could have is the correct expression, indicating a possibility or a missed opportunity in the past.
  • Could of is a common error and should be avoided; it arises from mishearing the abbreviated form couldve'.
  • Remember that have helps form the perfect tense, while of is a preposition, hence doesn't fit with modal verbs.
  • If in doubt, think of other modal verbs: would have, should have, all use have.
  • Always use could have in writing to express something you might have done.
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