Used to show the person or thing that does something
Examples:
I have you, that by the collar!For a moment I feared they would pass by.He went down on the floor by her chair.
Synonyms:
Antonyms:
This word has no antonyms
Through
/θruː/
Moving in one end and out of the other side or surface of something
Examples:
He made another search, careful and protracted, through the cabinets.But my greatest fear all through has been Caroline.And after Belknap was through with him, then Mason.
Synonyms:
Antonyms:
This word has no antonyms
Ways to tell them apart:
By often indicates a point of reference, such as a person or thing, whereas through usually suggests motion within a space or period.
By is sometimes used to denote someones method or means of doing something; on the other hand, through focuses on the process.
When you want to convey something accomplished via a person or means, you may often use by; contrastly, through can describe completing something by moving across an area or time.
Think of by when youre relating to proximity, in contrast to through' which often refers to completing or navigating.
By frequently accompanies passive constructions signaling the agent, while 'through’ often conveys the path or duration of the action.